The perceptions, attitudes and behaviour of healthcare personnel play a significant role in determining patient safety culture (PSC). Although organisations encourage good patient safety culture, factors external to the organisation still shape the perceptions, attitudes and behaviour of employees (e.g. national cultural orientation of staff). Patient safety culture has been shown to differ between countries and nationalities within a culturally diverse environment; however, little is known about the influence of national culture on PSC. The overall aim of the thesis is to probe deeper into the relationship between national culture and patient safety culture. This research used the multi-method approach to explore deeper into the relationship between national culture and patient safety culture.