This thesis explores discourses on modernisation agendas in sport policy in Oman. It traces the emergence, development and current status of sport policy in Oman. It also examines sport modernisation processes in Oman in the context of modernity and authenticity debates and local and global dynamics. Moreover, it seeks to uncover how discourses on modernity and authenticity, global and local, have shaped, constructed, and/or legitimised the modernisation of both elite sport and community sport in different phases of contemporary Omani history.