Title:
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An exploratory study of a mindfulness programme for people with chronic pain : a three-stage study
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Chronic pain, defined as pain that lasts or recurs for more than three to six months, is a common problem affecting an estimated 46.5% of the adult UK population. There is evidence that chronic pain can impact physical, psychological health, social wellbeing, activity levels and employment. Despite pharmacological treatments, there is often a lack of improvement in physical and emotional functioning and overall health-related quality of life. Other treatments are needed that address the multifactorial nature of chronic pain. Mindfulness meditation has become increasingly popular for self-management of many longterm conditions, including chronic pain. A modern definition of mindfulness is 'paying attention in a particular way: on purpose, in the present moment and non-judgementally' (Kabat-Zinn 1994 p4), which is described as occurring with an affectionate, compassionate quality of attending. The most frequently cited method of mindfulness training is the Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction programme (MBSR), conducted as an eight to 10-week course for groups of participants who meet weekly for instruction and practice in mindfulness meditation. Two systematic reviews have reported effects of mindfulness-based interventions for people with chronic pain. Both looked at papers published up to 2009 and included both randomised and non-randomised trials. Clinical outcomes were explored but not humanistic or economic outcomes. Studies that were more rigorous showed no effect and there were high attrition rates ranging up to 49% of patients from the intervention group. The overarching aim of this PhD was to conduct a programme of development and feasibility work to inform a future RCT of a mindfulness programme for people with chronic pain.
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