This thesis investigates the development of an efficient energy storage and power management system for aircraft structural health monitoring (ASHM) applications, powered by specific thermoelectric energy harvesting. For efficient power management, commercially available DC-DC converters are critically analysed. A novel switched-energy storage system is proposed that can be used to extend the run-time of a typical wireless ASHM sensor. Experimental characterisation of a range of different batteries and supercapacitors has been performed, followed by a critical performance analysis of a simple parallel combination of a battery and supercapacitor for run-time extension of a wireless sensor node (WSN). The problems associated with such a simple parallel hybrid system are identified, and a new switched architecture is presented that overcomes these disadvantages.