In this thesis we introduce the notion of a cdp-functor on the category of proper schemes over a Noetherian base, and we show that cdp-functors to Waldhausen categories extend to factors that satisfy the excision property. This allows us to associate with a cdp-functor an Euler-Poincaré characteristic that sends the class of a proper scheme to the class of its image. Applying this construction to the Yoneda embedding yields a monoidal proper-fibred Waldhausen category over Noetherian schemes, with canonical cdp-functors to its fibres. Also, we deduce a motivic measure to the Grothendieck ring of finitely presented simplicially stable motivic spaces with the cdh-topology.