The Research Dossier includes an initial review of the literature on fathers who are non-resident, due to separation or divorce, written from a social-constructionist perspective and two subsequent pieces of research. The first piece of research is a qualitative exploration of non-resident fathers’ experiences of separation from their children, within the context of involvement in the UK family legal system. The second, a quantitative piece of research, investigates the impact of fathers’ residency status i.e. resident, married/cohabiting fathers living with their children, and non-resident, on fathers’ sense of belongingness, of alienation and of positive well-being.