Title:
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Policing and community safety partnerships
and the potential use of crime mapping tools
within Northern Ireland
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Policing and Community Safety Partnerships (PCSPs) were established in Northern Ireland (NI) in April
2012 and aim to make communities safer. Making communities safer should be carried out through
four different functions: community consultation, identification and prioritisation of local issues,
performance monitoring and delivering crime reduction. Each of the 26 local government districts
within Northern Ireland (NI) has its own PCSP, which holds internal and public meetings throughout
each year based on prevalent local issues. PCSPs have used various techniques to try and engage with
local people, to collaboratively create and develop local solutions to local problems. One of these
techniques has involved the development of a new and unique tool which gathers data from a range
of local agencies, such as local young offending, housing, education and health authorities, as well as
crime data, and presents the information by taking advantage of their common denominator:
geography.
Due to PCSPs being a relatively recent community safety development in Northern Ireland at the time
this study took place, there was a lack of literature available regarding the operation of those
partnerships. Indeed, this was the first academic research undertaken to explore their operation and,
to some degree, assess their performance based on feedback from their local communities as well as
their own partnership members. Furthermore, the fusion of community safety and crime mapping has
previously gone unexamined in Northern Ireland; most available research is almost entirely focused
on how law enforcement agencies use crime mapping internally. The potential for communities to use
crime mapping to help improve community safety processes has not yet been sufficiently explored, a
gap in knowledge this research aims to fill.
This study utilised a qualitative, case study approach to examine how five council areas in NI carry out
community safety. The exploratory sequential design called for three phases to be carried out in order
to fulfil research aims and objectives. Phase 1 involved making first contact with PCSP Managers
throughout Northern Ireland which determined the areas chosen as case studies and all other pre-fieldwork,
desk-based research. As a result, five out of twenty-six council areas and their respective
PCSPs were used as case studies to explore and examine the potential use of crime mapping therein.
Phase 2 of the research included carrying out interviews to obtain in-depth information from people
who worked within the policing and community safety fields. This phase was used to draw out the
formal views of organisations with regard to community safety initiatives. This process aimed to reveal
'what should be happening' and gave an idea of how local community members were supposed to
experience community safety. This phase uncovered most of the new knowledge regarding the
operation of PCSPs in Northern Ireland. The 'official' view of the role of PCSPs and the reasons why
they used, occasionally used or did not use crime mapping were sought during this process. PSNI Area
Commanders and PCSP Managers for each of the five areas were interviewed face-to-face, as well as
other partnership members.
During Phase 3, focus groups were carried out with residents living within each case study area. The
schedule of the focus groups was developed using the findings from Phase 2. Phase 3 uncovered the
feelings and attitudes of residents regarding their local PCSP, policing team and crime mapping tools
currently in use in Northern Ireland. This phase allowed the researcher to contrast the delivery of
initiatives community safety workers reported to perform during Phase 2 with how residents actually
experienced those initiatives.
While there is a national crime map available online (www.Police.UK)' not all PCSPs make use of it. A
mapping tool, dubbed 'information hub', developed by the Newry and Mourne case (available at
www.NMDMP.com) is used exclusively within that area and the extent of crime mapping usage in this
area makes up the majority of usage in Northern Ireland. This research examined the use of this tool
and potential use of similar tools in other council areas within Northern Ireland.
This thesis contains a vast amount of new information relating to the operation of PCSPs, including a
number of issues that may have prevented partnerships from fulfilling their potential, reported by not
just residents, but members within those partnerships. This study found that for PCSPs, both internal
(closed partnership meetings) and external (public meetings) processes could potentially benefit from
using crime mapping tools such as the Police.UK map or an information hub, such as that developed
for the Newry and Mourne council area. Internally, using mapping tools have the potential of
streamlining processes involved in improving community safety carried out by PCSPs within Northern
Ireland. Externally, residents reported, to the contrary of speculation by many PCSP members, they
would prefer to see the Police.UK crime map incorporated into public PCSP meetings.
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