In December 2009, a group of ecumenical Palestinian Christians released a document entitled: Kairos Palestine. The document has had an international impact, eliciting responses from numerous Jewish, Muslim and Christian groups as well as top-level Israeli and Palestinian politicians. From those who denounced the document as a dangerously one-sided portrayal of a complicated conflict to those who embraced its message and call, few would deny its significance. This thesis is chiefly concerned with an academic analysis of the origins of the document, its historical, political and theological claims and context as well as an assessment of and interaction with the responses and ramifications of the document. This includes exploration of the Christian Boycott, Divestment and Sanctions (BDS) movement, the area where the document’s impact can be most demonstrably seen. Of particular focus throughout has been Kairos Palestine’s significance for understanding contemporary Christian positions in relation to the Israel/Palestine conflict. While some Christians have seen a Biblical obligation to support the State of Israel, Kairos Palestine argues that there is a duty to resist the State. This study examines Kairos Palestine contributing new knowledge to the contradictory ways that modern Christians are approaching Israel.