Title:
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An experimental study of a water-source heat pump couple to phase change material thermal energy storage
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From the point of economic, environmental and social view our current trends in energy
supply and use are unsustainable. Our current energy and climate direction must be
changed. Renewable technologies will play crucial role in this change. In order to address
these challenges International energy agency (lEA) is developing number of roadmaps for
different technologies that can have effects in C02 reduction. There are also roadmaps for
renewable technologies. One of them is: "Roadmap for Energy Efficient Heating and
Cooling" according to which 20% of increasing Coefficient of Performance (COP) in
renewable technologies is planned by the year 2020 and global target in reducing carbon
dioxide (C02) for 50% from current levels till 2050. (lEA, 2010)
Phase change material (PCM) storages can represent a real challenge to design. One of the
challenges is choosing a PCM that is compatible with the system that we want to optimize,
and the another is choosing the exact heat exchanger that will give optimal surface area
during charging and discharging, due to the fact that PCMs have low thermal conductivity.
Clearly, water can be used as a storage medium, but it does not give us the freedom to
maintain the system at the desired temperature. In order to gain maximum thermal power
from their potential, proper geometrical design needs to be used for each kind of PCM
thermal energy storage (TES). The Nusselt equations for heat exchangers used for air and
water cannot be applied to PCMs. Extensive research therefore needs to be undertaken in
order to investigate the different geometrical configurations of heat exchangers and their
interactions with different kinds of PCMs.
This thesis summarizes the results from 3 different types of experiments. The first type was
with a single tube in water and PCM storage. The second type of experiment was with a
multi-tube heat exchanger in PCM-TES. The third type of experiments was with a heat
pump system coupled to water/PCM TES. In total 66 tests were performed: 6 experiments
with single tube, 42 experiments with multi-tube and 18 experiments with heat pump
system.
The main contribution presented in this thesis was novel Nusselt number correlations for
multi-tube heat exchanger, as heat transfer fluid refrigerant was used and as a storage
medium PCM was used.
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