Title:
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Interpersonal trauma and psychotic experiences : an investigation of the psychological health consequences of intimate partner violence
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The role of adverse life events and trauma on the onset and development of
psychotic experiences and psychosis has been widely researched. Findings from
such studies have revealed that prior to the onset of psychosis or psychotic
experiences individuals tend to have encountered a number of stressful or
personally significant events (Shevlin et al., 2008: Beards et al., 2013). Previous
research in the area of female sexual victimisation has found that sexual
victimization significantly increased the likelihood of an anxiety disorder diagnosis,
furthermore, an earlier study of the same sample demonstrated a 10 fold increase
in the likelihood of a psychosis diagnosis following sexual victimisation (Elkit &
Shevlin, 2011; Elkit & Shevlin, 2013). The aim of this thesis was to develop and test
a model that demonstrates how experiencing psychological and physical intimate
partner violence with and without sexual victimisation in childhood can negatively
impact on psychological functioning and increase the risk of psychotic experiences.
Retrospective data were collected from 107 female intimate partner violence
survivors and 79 control participants. Results demonstrated that the associations
with all abuse related outcomes were significant for the traumatised group with the
exception of alcohol use. Moreover, subsequent analysis revealed that females
who experience IPV with and without childhood trauma have very different
sequelae of psychopathology. Both groups experience significantly more
depression, stress, anxiety and loneliness than non-traumatised females, however
the experience of intimate partner violence (alone) predicts increased shame,
which then mediates the relationship from IPV to paranoia. Experience of
childhood abuse compounded by revictimisation in adulthood directly and
indirectly increases the risk of psychotic experiences significantly. The result~
further demonstrate that victims of childhood sexual abuse may be more
vulnerable to revictimisation, highlighting the need for appropriate early
intervention. Mental health issues uncovered in the course of IPV counselling and
treatment, for many, may be better understood within the wider context of
lifetime abuse rather than as a direct consequence of the individuals' current
circumstances.
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