Video cameras have been used within the structural research community for decades, particularly for assessing movement of hard to reach areas such as bridge decks and cables. Displacement measurements have correlated well with electro-mechanical sensors and demonstrated time and cost savings. The technique has not found a substantial market within t he civil engineering community, which at first glance is unexpected given the advantages reported and the proliferation of camera-based measurements in other fields. This thesis investigates the capabilities of video measurement (with particular emphasis on Imetrum), and how they fit with in Structural Monitoring. Extensive interviews and collaborative working with organisations involved in monitoring UK structures and some overseas has identified stakeholder requirements. Barriers to adoption have been identified and investigated, as well as work done to overcome them. Fundamental experimental work (mostly field based) has enabled an in depth understanding of the factors that are specific to using video based measurement systems outdoors - surface finish; size of virtual targets used by the tracking software; impact of various weather conditions and the impact of using different optics on image quality (and hence measurement resolution). Field studies and project work have been undertaken to understand the practical benefits and limitations of applying video measurement systems, including for load testing of bridges; train induced displacement of rail track systems and longer term (1 month plus) static monitoring of bridges and tunnels. This research has shown that there are areas where a video based system is a valuable addition to the toolbox of those responsible for constructing, assessing and maintaining the UKs infrastructure, particularly where access is difficult and/or absolute displacement at speeds from 1- 300Hz required. This thesis also demonstrates this in some projects that have been paid for at commercial rates by infrastructure owners, as a proof of tangible benefit.