Title:
|
Transitional disks and planets : dust as a tracer of planetary systems
|
Newly formed planetary systems are very challenging to observe with traditional methods.
The dusty environment around young planet-hosting star systems either reduces the
sensitivity of measurements (requiring a longer integration time) or renders techniques
such as transit observations impossible. Therefore, this thesis aims to determine a set of
markers that , if present in a system, increase the likelihood that said system is hosting a
young planet. Using these markers to target observations towards promising candidates
only, the best use of instrumentation can be made, and the probability of a positive
detection increased.
In this work N-body simulations of planetesimal disks were conducted, the creation
of collisional second generation dust is modelled in two different ways (statistically and
directly), and observability studies are performed for each case. Of the two different sets
of simulations presented, each consists of a control simulation (only planetesimals) and
the main simulations (a planetesimal disk with an embedded Jupiter mass planet). A
model for the velocity field of fragments from collisions between planetesimals was also
constructed.
Synthetic images of the direct set of numerical simulations show a bright double-ring
structure in the case of a low eccentricity planet , whereas a high eccentricity planet
would produce a characteristic inner ring with accompanying disk asymmetries when
compared to the control cases. The statistical simulations also show a double ring for a
low eccentricity planet and disk asymmetries for a high eccentricity planet, but no inner
ring is observed in the eccentric case.
The strongest marker we can establish is a bright double ring, which would indicate
the presence of a low eccentricity planet. In a system where primordial dust has been
depleted by an order of magnitude with respect to a protoplanetary disk (i.e. a transitional
disk) , observations with ALMA would be able to detect the structure.
|