Insecticide resistance in malaria vectors is increasing across Sub-Saharan Africa, due, at least in part, due to the scale up of vector control programmes implemented to overcome morbidity and mortality associated with malaria. Four classes of public health insecticides are widely utilised in vector control strategies such as indoor residual spraying and insecticide treated nets; pyrethroids in particular are heavily used being the only class licensed for bed net usage. Despite the increase in resistance to these insecticides, and the implications this has for malaria control, resistance mechanisms remain incompletely understood. This study identifies transcripts associated with resistance to pyrethroid insecticides in African malaria vectors. Study one describes the specific localisation of resistance-associated transcripts in different body parts of the mosquito. Both known and novel candidates are identified and their enrichments in two major detoxification structures (the midgut and malpighian tubules), the abdomen integument and the remaining tissues determined. Study two lays the foundation for the remaining studies by using a meta-analysis based approach to analyse all available pyrethroid resistant versus susceptible microarray datasets at LSTM performed on Anopheles gambiae s.l. Studies three through five explore three major candidates arising from this meta-analysis SAP2, a chemosensory protein; Maf-S a transcription factor with known involvement in redox response in Drosophila and Met a second transcription factor known to be involved in resistance to pyriproxyfen.