Background: Sexual risk-taking (SRT) is a primary contributor to the transmission of sexually transmitted infection, including HIV, and therefore poses a significant public health concern. Evidence suggests that the propensity to engage in SRT may be influenced by negative affective states (i.e. anxiety and depression symptoms), and individually varying characteristics (i.e. mood-related sexual desire (MRSD), and impulsivity). Aims: The aim of this study was to explore the association between negative affect and five SRT behaviours. In addition it sought to explore the association between SRT and two key individual characteristics, MRSD and impulsivity. Methods: A cross-sectional survey was completed by a convenience sample of 120 participants (median age 25.5; 78 female) recruited from an inner-city sexual health clinic. The survey comprised 5 questionnaires relating to each of the key variables being explored. Results: Non-parametric analysis provided evidence of the existence of an association between various forms of SRT and negative affect; however, the nature of the association differed according to the type of SRT. In addition, MRSD and impulsivity demonstrated mainly positive associations with SRT. Conclusion: The findings support emerging evidence of increased engagement in certain forms of SRT when experiencing anxiety and depression symptoms. Moreover, the association with MRSD and impulsivity suggest these factors need further exploration in explaining the link between SRT and negative affect. This has implications for the development and implementation of prevention and intervention practices relating to SRT and mental health.