Current methods for directly measuring neural activity involve the use of patch clamps or optical recording. The first method is bi-directional, but does not have the ability to make reliable one-to-one connections to single neurones over an extended period, due to its intrusive nature. The second method only enables recording, and requires imaging technology if an automatic system is to be used. Furthermore, this method requires the storage of large volumes of data and the development of software to interpret the firing patterns. Like patch clamping, the fluorescent dyes used for optical imaging are not suitable for long-term measurements, as the lifespan of treated cells is measured in hours.