The Morax-Axenfeld. bacillus, its bacteriology and clinical relationship to the conjunctivitis known as diplobaeillary conjunctivitis, has been known to ophthalmic surgeons since 1896, when it was first described by Morax. Since that time the bacteriological characters and the clinical phenomena of this organism in relation to the conjunctiva have been freely discussed by various authors in this country and on the continent. The particular clinical relationship of the organism to which I desire to direct attention in this paper i s , its rSle in connection with chronic blepharitis. It is my object to briefly run over its bacteriology and the clinical features it gives rise to in the conjunctiva, and secondly to describe some cases of chronic blepharitis, in which this organism appeared to be the exciting agent.