Title:
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Experiences of disability and inclusive development in Ghana : facilitating factors and barriers to participation
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The need to address poverty issues in the global South, particularly in Sub-Saharan Africa,
provides a compelling rationale for promoting the inclusion and participation of disabled
people in society. However, disabled people face difficulties to participate in society due not
only to societal barriers, but also to particular impairments that they may have. This study
explores disabled people's experiences in the domains of the family and wider community,
including in education/training, economic activities and strategic decision-making processes
in Ghana
The study is based on qualitative, participatory techniques and workshops in both rural and
urban areas in Eastern region and Accra Metropolis, Ghana Semi-structured interviews were
conducted with 26 disabled men and women, 21 professionals working in NGOs and
institutions, and nine strategic infrmnants. In addition, three focus group discussions
involving 24 disabled people and two participatory road mapping workshops involving 12
disabled people were conducted between July 201 1 and September 2012.
The findings revealed that the factors that influenced disabled people's everyday experiences
were embodied, attitudinal, physical and institutional in nature. Barriers to disabled people's
participation included the effects of impairments, such as pain and stigma, negative
perceptions of disabled people's capabilities and an inaccessible built environment and public
services. The emotional, material and financial support provided by family members and peer
support groups were vital to disabled people's participation in society. Gender, rura1/urban
residence and impairment type emerged as significant factors shaping disabled people's
experiences. Development actors adopted a range of strategies and practices to promote the
inclusion of disabled people in development processes. Development actors' interpretations of
'inclusion' informed the provision of 'segregated' or 'integrated' services, such as vocational
training, income-generation businesses and leisure and recreational activities for disabled
people. Factors that hindered the development and implementation of inclusion strategies and
programmes included: negative attitudes among development professionals, limited capacity
of development agencies, little political will and lack of multi-agency coordination in the
disability-development sector. The thesis concludes that in order to tackle the multifaceted
and deep-seated inequalities experienced by disabled people, there is the need for greater
political commitment to disabled people's rights and building partnerships and multi-sectoral
responses across the State, voluntary and private sectors. This would help to ensure that
disabled people's rights are fulfilled and they are able to participate in society on an equal
basis with others.
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