PETER MARTYR is known on the Continent chiefly through the historical theology of Bc&roeiser and Heppe, axd elsewhere only through his influence on 18th and 19th { Century controversies in the Churah of England, or through the 'Common Places' first set out "by Massonius seme fourteen years after Martyr's death. In his own day, however, he was a theologian of the first rank, acknowledged as not only a leading power in defensive polemic, hut one vjho contributed largely to the positive Reformed theology, worthy "to be placed beside Calvin in both respects. In approaching the study of his theology, -therefore, it seemed necessary first to sketch his life's work, which is itself a testimony to his theological motive and power. Accordingly, the introductory 'Portrait' provides the historical setting for the main study. Beginning the theological portion of this work with a quick pljmge into the deep waters of the problem of analogy may seem a strange approach to the teaching of our Reformer. Yet the mare one reads Peter Martyr the more one becomes convinced that his doctrine of analogy ifl the key to his entire theology. That for him 'analogy* implies * sacrament' is the factor which sets the problem of this work, and explains why his doctrine of sacrament is the epitome of all his teaching. A further problem in this respect is that of translation. Except for a few letters, the only English translations are 16th Century, and often Include interpretation in the body of the text, so that they are not trustworthy guides. This leaves us with the original Latin. It is excellent Latin, but involves certain moot points of rendition. We may mention two: that technical term ill* individuum vagura. which is virtually untranslatable, and which we have explained in terms of Martyr* s own attitude to its context* and the word ratio which we have simpler transliterated in most cases, sinoe in his doctrine of analogy, "ratio" is what Martyr means by it. Here we must acknowledge the kind advice given us by Prof. J.H. Baxter of St. Mary's College, St. Andrews, concerning problems of translation.