Aim: To evaluate the role and utility of acute kidney injury biomarkers in renal transplantation. Method: Analysis of levels of a panel of biomarkers in deceased organ donors correlated to renal graft outcome; ABO incompatible renal transplant recipients correlated to rejection and HLA incompatible renal transplant correlated to rejection. Results: The panel of biomarkers showed comparable ability to creatinine in predicting the outcome of the renal graft following transplant from deceased donors. Of the panel of biomarkers tested to predict rejection, notably NGAL and IP-10 had good ability to predict those HLAi recipients who subsequently developed rejection. Conclusion: Biomarkers previously identified in the context of AKI may have a role in the assessment of deceased organ donor suitability but more promisingly have an excellent ability to identify those patients at risk of rejection following HLAi transplant and would now benefit from evaluation in a wider population prior to adoption in a clinical trial.