Title:
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Chemical and biological investigation of iterative PKS-NRPS programming during aspyridone and
tenellin biosynthesis
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Hybrid polyketide-nonribosomal peptides are one of the important classes of
fungal natural products. The aim of this work was to investigate the programming
behaviour of the iterative enzymes of PKS-NRPS and delineate biosynthetic steps of
PKS-NRPS compounds. This work involves isolation and structural elucidation of
compounds obtained from heterologous expression of selected tenellin 87, desmethyl
bassianin 88 . and aspyridone 84 PKS-NRPS genes in Aspergillus oryzae (M-2-3).
Transformants obtained from gene silencing in the fungus Beauveria bassiana strain
110.25 were also chemically analysed.
The tenS gene encodes a hybrid polyketide synthase nonribosomal-peptide
synthetase (PKS-NRPS) in tenellin 87 and requires trans-acting ER encoding gene tenC
for correct programming of tenellin compounds. Silencing of enoyl reductase gene tenC
in B. bassiana 110.25 by P amyB was unsuccessful because variation of the carbon source
in the original TPM media failed to produce tenellin compounds. We isolated two new
A. 07yzae wild type compounds 146 and 147 from A. oryzae tenSPKS-dmbC clone but
did not observe the anticipated product of TENSPKS expressed in A. oryzae without the
NRPS portion.
Aspyridone A 84 and aspyridone B 226 were reported as final products of a
putative PKS-NRPS gene cluster in Aspergillus nidulans. We carried out heterologous
expression of aspyridone PKS-NRPS encoding gene apdA and enoyl reductase
encoding gene apdC in different combinations with aspyridone tailoring genes in A.
oryzae. The heterologous expression produced eight different compounds in addition to
aspyridone A 84. Our study showed: that the cytochrome P450 ApdE catalyses
oxidative ring expansion; tetramic acid benzylic hydroxylation and an exclusive
dephenylation activity; that ApdB, a second cytochrome P450 enzyme in the apd cluster
catalyses an unusual N-hydroxylation of dephenylated 2-pyridones; that ApdC enoyl
reductase perform different stereoselectivities during different cycles of polyketide
chain synthesis. We did not observe any apparent role for ApdD and ApdG and our
heterologous expression of apd genes did not produce aspyridone B 226, one of the
previously reported final products of the apd pathway. This study unveiled the high
biosynthetic potential of the apd pathway and diverse chemical capabilities of
cYtochrome P450 enzymes in this fungus.
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