This thesis is about developing a framework for monitoring and evaluating critical success factors (CSFs) in strategic change programme implementation (SCPI). Therefore, it: - identifies prerequisites enabling systematic monitoring and evaluation in SCPI, - identifies and provides new and better understanding of CSFs within SCPI, - assigns these CSFs to programme phases in which they should be monitored and evaluated, and - identifies and assigns methods and responsibilities to conduct monitoring and evaluation of these CSFs. The findings on prerequisites and the framework as the combination of WHAT (CSFs), WHEN (programme phase), HOW (methods), and WHO (responsibilities) to conduct monitoring and evaluation in SCPI demonstrate the distinctiveness of this thesis contributing to knowledge and professional practice. The findings go beyond the typical monitoring and evaluation scope of programme management. Consequently, this research offers new insights for both academics and practitioners involved in managing strategic change and monitoring and evaluating change implementation. The work is based on a case study of a global industrial company from the energy sector. It provides an assessment of its global SCPI within Europe, giving consideration to the global context of the programme and the company. The SCPI makes particular reference to changes in business models, business processes, organisation structures as well as Enterprise Resource Planning infrastructure. This research is characterised as interpretative and subjective, following a social constructionist approach. It undertakes an applied real world research project following a summative evaluation approach examining the programme after its implementation. In order to gather subjective accounts about the case, 25 semi-structured interviews have been conducted. These 25 interviewees performed more than 65 roles within the programme at global and local levels across several country implementations. Template analysis was chosen in order to analyse the textual data.