That France was the undisputed leader in the application of electromagnets to the pipe-organ, is confirmed. C.S. Barker was the builder of the first electric organ at Salon, Bouches due Rhone, in 1866, but the honour for the invention must be accorded to Pierre Stein for his prophetic patent of 1852. Albert Peschard's electric action patents of 1862-3 represent a defining moment when electric action became the basis for a reality that was exploited by Barker until 1870. Thereafter, it fell to the Brycesons to continue the development of the Peschard-Barker system, but the challenges proved too much: the early actions were faced with technical challenges, and above all, the inherent conservatism of a traditional trade. The last electric-action organ build by Bryceson Brothers was the instrument for the 1885 Inventions Exhibition in London, at which the firms was awarded a Gold Medal for its electrical developments. Bryceson also built several important instruments along conventional lines during the 1860-1880s