Title:
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Approach and avoidance goals and self-concordance in depressed and non-depressed individuals
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There have been few investigations of the goals of depressed individuals
despite the well-documented effects of depression on motivation. This study focused
on two aspects of goals in particular, approach and avoidance motivation, and self-
concordance. The aim was to find out whether, in line with neurobiological theories of
depression (F owles, 1988,1994), decreased approach motivation and increased
avoidance motivation would be evident. A secondary aim was to investigate whether
the goals of depressed individuals would be less self-concordant than non-depressed
individuals. A depressed (n=26) group was recruited from Primary Care and Mental
Health Trust sites, and compared with a non-depressed (n=33) group recruited from
the community. Participants listed approach and avoidance goals, chose two of each
and wrote down their underlying reasons for adopting these goals. They then rated
their anticipated affect upon successful goal attainment and completed a measure of
self-concordance for each goal. At face value, there were no differences between the
groups in terms of numbers of approach and avoidance goals generated. However,
when underlying reasons were examined, the expected relationships between
depression, decreased approach motivation and increased avoidance motivation were
found. As predicted, the goals of depressed individuals were also less self-concordant
than those of non-depressed individuals. These results suggest that, although
individuals with depression are engaged in pursuit of the same types and numbers of
goals as non-depressed individuals, their reasons for goal pursuit are more negative in
terms of avoidance motives and acting for non self-concordant reasons.
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