Title:
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The effect of omega 3 fatty acids on cardiovascular risk bio-markers in Saudi diabetics
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Background: marine omega3FA has been shown to be beneficial for cardiovascular health. In Saudi
diabetics with minimum intake of marine diet the cardiovascular effect of marine omega3FA never been
investigated.
Objectives: to test the effect of nutritional supplements of 4 g marine omega3FA (EPA, DHA) in
reducing the CV risk biomarkers (omega index, lipids profile and inflammatory markers), in diabetic
Saudis with moderate hypertriglyceridemia.
Design: cross sectional study conducted as preliminary study before the intervention, to test the
relation between the low intake of fish and CV risk biomarkers in 96 participants including healthy
and diabetic. At baseline, fasting blood test measured for omega index, lipids profile (triglycerides,
cholesterol, LDL-c, HDL-c) and inflammatory markers (CRP and 1L-6).
The intervention was randomized, controlled trial compared the effect of 4 g marine omega (EPA,
DHA) over 5 months in 89 diabetics with moderate hypertriglyceridemia randomly assigned to the
treatment or the control group. The intervention tested the same biomarkers measured in the
preliminary study with adding new inflammatory markers TNF-a and adhesion molecules tests (s-ICAM,
s- VCAM). All the biomarker tests conducted at baseline and at the end of the treatment.
Results: the intake offish in Saudis living in the internal region showed to meet only 25% of the
current recommendation with a mean of 2.45 ± 2.57portion I month. Fish intake showed positive
relation (r=0.309, p=0.003) with the lower omega index (4%) and the lower triglycerides (r = -0.231,
p=0.024). Omega contents (EPA, DHA) in erythrocytes correlated positively with HDL-c (r=0.303,
p=0.006).
The 4g daily dose of EPA and DHA lowered triglycerides in the treatment group by 33% compared to
control (Mean ± SD: 1.01± 1.12 compared with 0.36±0.68 mmollL, P=0.002). The treatment had
significant increment in omega contents (EPA, DHA) in erythrocytes over the time of the treatment
(Mean ± SD: 4.82±1.06 to 11.83±2.45 %, P
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