The main topics of this dissertation are the hardware and the software developments in magnetic induction tomography imaging techniques. In the hardware sections, all the tomography systems developed by the author will be presented and discussed in detail. The developed systems can be divided into two categories, according to the property of the target imaging materials: high conductivity materials and low conductivity materials. Each system has its own suitable application, and each will thus be tested under different circumstances. In terms of the software development, the forward and inverse problems have been studied, including the eddy current problem modeling, sensitivity map formulae derivation and iterative/non-iterative inverse solvers equations. The Biot-Savart Theory was implemented in the ‘two-potential’ method that was used in the eddy current model in order to improve the system’s flexibility. Many different magnetic induction tomography schemes are proposed for the first time in this field of research, their aim being to improve the spatial and temporal resolution of the final reconstructed images. These novel schemes usually involve some modifications of the system hardware and forward/inverse calculations. For example, the rotational scheme can improve the ill-posedness and edge detectability of the system; the volumetric scheme can provide extra spatial resolution in the axial direction; and the temporal scheme can improve the temporal resolution by using the correlation between the consecutive datasets. Volumetric imaging requires an intensive amount of extra computational resources. To overcome the issue of memory constraints when solving large-scale inverse problems, a matrix-free method was proposed, also for the first time in magnetic induction tomography. All the proposed algorithms are verified by the experimental data obtained from suitable tomography systems developed by the author. Although magnetic induction tomography is a new imaging technique, it is believed that the technique is well developed for real-life applications. Several potential applications for magnetic induction tomography are suggested. The initial proof-of-concept study for a challenging low conductivity two-phase flow imaging process is provided. In this thesis, a range of contributions have been made in the field of magnetic induction tomography, which will help the magnetic induction tomography research to be carried on further.