Title:
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A study of particulate foams
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This research project investigated particle-fluid interactions at
the air-water interface, thus enabling the important factors involved in
the formation of particle stabilised foams to be understood. It was hoped
that this would lead to an understanding of the behaviour of aerated milk
products which are stabilised by milk fat globules.
Experiments were devised to simulate the properties of the globules
at the interface, in particular their wetting and dewetting behaviour, and
to determine the structure of foam films formed in particulate systems.
For this purpose a model system, polystyrene latex particles having
diameters in. the range 1- 4 qua, was used. The following conclusions were
reached.
Polystyrene particles will not foam when suspended in water alone.
Particulate foams were only formed when the system approached the conditions
required for bulk coagulation. Two foaming systems have been isolated;
one where instability of the bulk phase was the result of increased ionic
strength and the other was the result of specific adsorption of ions.
The structure of the foam film has been postulated as a bilayer of
latex particles, the particles in each monolayer being hexagonally closepacked.
Within each monolayer the particles appear to be in positions of
the primary minimum energy, whilst in the adjacent layers they are situated
in positions of the secondary minimum. The monolayers have been found. to
be rigid and solid-like in character.
A particle size effect exists, latices having diameters of I pm were
reluctant to foam. Following from this the calculated interaction energy
and strength of the monolayer increased with particle size. The mixed
particle size monolayers indicated the formation of a more liquid-expanded
film illustrating the weakening of the monolayer due to the presence of
smaller particles.The contact angle data indicated an increase in contact angle to
give angles greater than 900 within the foaming regions for both foam
systems studied.
Therefore the particles must acquire a hydrophobic nature to make
it energetically favourable to be situated at the air/liquid interface as
compared to the bulk. By so doing a latex stabilised foam was formed
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