Prostate cancer is the UK number one male cancer. Evidence from epidemiological studies suggests only age, race and family history as established risk factors. Other factors such as low dose diagnostic radiations and surrogate hormone markers such as baldness, finger length pattern and acne are hypothesized to have a potential role in the aetiology of prostate cancer. It is evident that genetics plays an important role in prostate cancer aetiology. This thesis focuses both environmental and genetic factors. The environmental factors include selected surrogate hormone markers, medical diagnostic radiation procedures and family history of prostate cancer. The genetic part explores genetic polymorphisms that could have implications for interactions with exposures studied. Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) involved in mechanistic pathways related to DNA repair genes and potential hormone marker genes were the main targets.