Title:
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The effect of the interplay of paralanguage and language on the accessibility of written texts : a study of emergency procedures
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This research investigates the effect of the interplay of paralanguage and language
on the accessibility of written texts. It identifies textual factors that may hinder the
reader's understanding of the message. Studies of reading comprehension have
traditionally concentrated on the language of texts. Many written texts, however, also
rely on paralinguistic features to convey their messages, and to complement, illustrate,
clarify and organise their content. Hence, it is paramount that a study investigating
obstacles for reading comprehension be able to account for the complex web of
paralinguistic devices present on the page. This work investigates such paralinguistic
devices, focusing particularly upon the presentation of letters and words, the layout of the
page, and the illustration of the written text. Parallel to the analysis of these nonlinguistic
devices, language is also examined.
A particular text type has been selected to provide the material for the analysis:
emergency procedures. This choice was motivated not only by the fact that this text type
is a rich source of paralinguistic and linguistic features, but also because accessibility in
emergency texts is vital. In addition, emergency procedures are only minimally
influenced by political, religious and other ideological factors.
A corpus of 126 emergency procedures is analysed and related to the literature on
paralinguistic features of written texts. Several combinations of linguistic and
paralinguistic features are examined and, subsequently, hypotheses about how they affect
the reading process are formulated. Verbal protocols and interviews are used to gain
access to readers' interpretative processes when dealing with texts from the corpus. They
aim to provide an insight into the reader's perception of the interaction of elements from
both paralinguistic and linguistic structures and to evince accessibility problems. The
application of this procedure both verifies the hypotheses and reveals new facts which
were not predicted, thus increasing understanding of the factors which contribute to the
accessibility of written texts
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