Title:
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The theoretical perspective of restorative justice as a bullying intervention : evidence from a UK population
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Bullying is a significant problem faced by all schools in the UK, with a negative
impact on all involved. Interventions based on Restorative Justice are currently
used by a number of schools in the UK to tackle bullying. The theoretical
perspective of Restorative Justice as a bullying intervention suggests that
victims, bullies, bully/victims and nonbullies/nonvictims differ according to how
they manage feelings of shame in response to causing harm and according to
their feelings about school. In addition, it argues that the use of Restorative
Justice interventions can reduce these differences helping those involved to
manage their feelings of shame adaptively and feel supported by the school
community.
This research aimed to test the theoretical perspective of Restorative Justice as
a bullying intervention. A mixed methodology was used, with each strand
focusing on a distinct component. In the first strand a questionnaire was
completed by 222 pupils (aged between 12 and 14 years), which gathered
information on bullying behaviour, shame management and variables
associated with feelings about school. This was subjected to statistical analysis
to explore differences between the bullying groups on these measures. In the
second strand semi-structured interviews were completed with 8 pupils (aged
between 12 and 15 years) who had taken part in a Restorative Justice
mediation in response to a bullying incident. A thematic analysis was
completed on this data to consider the outcomes of the intervention from the
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pupils' perspective and whether this was commensurate with that predicted by
the theoretical perspective of Restorative Justice.
The results of the questionnaire supported the theoretical perspective of
Restorative Justice, with differences found between the different bullying groups
in terms of shame management and feelings about school. Interviews with
pupils who had experienced the interviews, however, suggested that the
intervention was not working as predicted by the theoretical perspective. Pupils
were not experiencing shifts in shame management and feelings as part of the
school community as a result of the intervention. Although not working as
suggested by the theoretical perspective of Restorative Justice, interviews with
the participants did identify positive outcomes for those involved, with the
majority reporting that the bullying stopped after the intervention. It is argued,
that if carefully monitored, bullying interventions based on Restorative Justice
could offer a different perspective for managing bullying situations in schools.
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