Title:
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Resistance in space : graffiti writers, skateboarders and the production of Manchester
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The main phenomena the thesis seeks to understand are resistance and
space. The aims of the thesis are theoretical and empirical. Theoretically, the
thesis examines different perspectives on resistance and space and draws on
them to provide useful insights on the concepts. Empirically, it explores the
experiences of skateboarders and graffiti writers in Manchester. The
literature on graffiti writers and skateboarders often mentions 'resistance' in
relation to the activities of the two groups. Such work, however, usually
does not engage in a detailed, conceptual investigation of the concept and
usually assumes rather than demonstrate how the use of the concept can be
justified by reference to the day-to-day activities of the two groups (see for
example Ferrell 1993, 1995, Borden 2001 and Flusty 2000). This thesis aims
to fill this gap.
The frrst chapter provides an introduction to the thesis. The second chapter
explores perspectives on resistance. As the thesis progressed empirically, it
became very pertinent to conceptually investigate the subject of space and
this is the focus of the third chapter. The fourth chapter discusses the
methodology and research design of the thesis. The necessity of
demonstrating concretely what work the theoretical insights of the space
chapter could do resulted in a fifth chapter on Manchester. In this chapter,
Manchester as space and as the site of the empirical investigation of this
thesis is explored. The sixth chapter presents themes that emerged from
fieldwork with Manchester graffiti writers and skateboarders. The
conclusion chapter draws together the main themes and arguments of the
thesis.
One of the main arguments of the thesis is that Manchester, the site of the
empirical interests of the study, can be seen as a space over which diverse
groups struggle. This struggle, it is argued, is brought about by the divergent
interests and visions of different groups in the city. These groups are seen as
all attempting in various ways to bring about spatial realities that accord with
their interests. In this multiple enactment of spatial realities some social
actors have greater resources at their disposal to bring to pass their interests
in Manchester as space. These are 'the powerful'. There are other 'producers
of space' - the weak or the 'less powerful' - these have relatively marginal
resources in appropriating Manchester's spaces. The thesis argues that
skateboarders and graffiti writers fall into this category. When their interests
and visions in Manchester fall foul of the interests of more powerful groups,conflict, the thesis shows, ensues. It is in this conflict in definitions of
Manchester as a resource for the enactment of interests that we find the
skateboarder's and graffiti writer's resistance. The skateboarder and graffiti
writer finds that to play in the city can bring him/her in conflict with the
law. Subcultural members find out in the course of playing in the city that
their activities are defined differendy by more powerful groups. What seems
to be merely play turns out to be defined as crime and 'anti-social behaviour'
by groups with the backing of the law. By insisting on engaging in what may
be described as 'dissident play', members set themselves in opposition and
resistance to certain aspects of the governance of space in the city. The
thesis also brings to prominence theoretical insights that can be found in the
literature on resistance and space and provides ways of approaching the
subjects that may prove useful for future work in the areas.
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