The successful prediction of abrasive wheel behaviour should greatly simplify the complex problem of wheel selection. This investigation examines the influence of abrasive surface topography on the actual mechanics of the metal removal process. The characterisation of abrasive surfaces using statistical properties of the cutting profile is discussed. A study is undertaken which examines the influence of abrasive grit geometry on the mode of metal deformation. In these tests, every consideration is given to reproducing conditions realistic of a practical grinding operation. A simplified plunge grinding operation is then considered to determine the influence of various process parameters on the mechanics of metal removal. Finally, a computer simulation of the above grinding operation, using Monte Carlo simulation techniques, is presented.