Wisdom’s understanding of Israel’s history, of contemporary politics and of the immortal fate of the persecuted sage can be understood to be part of the same theological outlook. Through each of these topics runs the conviction that judgement by God will be seen in the present cosmos. Eschatological language is applied, therefore, not so much in the hope of a single future point – the coming of the kingdom of God in a universal sense – as in the ongoing overthrowing of rulers and the preservation of God’s people. Wisdom’s explanation of how and why this is the case is found in a critical meeting of traditional Jewish Wisdom, eschatological hope, and the Stoic concept of pneuma. By the use of these resources Wisdom is able to speak of the ordering of the cosmos on behalf of God’s people.