Title:
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'The Mirror Stage' and other Poems and The Linguistic Subject of William Carlos Williams' Spring and All
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The poems in this collection draw, firstly, on my interest in a tradition of American
confessionalism, which, particularly in the poems of John Berryman, seems to re-articulate
the 'fragmented self of Anglo-American Modernism. A second major interest is in the more
radical dislocations oflyric voice in John Ashbery's poetry. In the following poems, these
two influences combine in the exploration of linguistic constructions of SUbjectivity,
especially that of a knowing and knowable author figure. Specific practical concerns which
stem from this central interest include translation and focalization strategies, polyphony, and
oblique responses to philosophical, cultural, and literary contexts.
These poems also explore questions of lyrical SUbjectivity in relation to constructions of
gender and sexuality, with a particular focus on masculinity. I work from the premise that the
authorial voice and its claims to truth, power, and sexual and gendered identity are .
continually undermined by inner incoherencies and contradictions, a process of selfsubversion
which these poems work to emphasize. Inmany places, this emphasis relates to a
tension between a 'disembodied' authorial/lyrical voice and the 'embodied' form of the
poem, which exposes that voice to textual inconclusiveness. This tension is also examined
through the problematics of lyrical address and gendered relations between the'!' and 'you'.
The Linguistic Subject of William Carlos Williams' Spring and All
This thesis explores the discourse of authorial subjectivity at work in the declarative prose of
William Carlos Williams' 1923 book, Spring and All, now regarded as a seminal text of
American Modernism. In order to re-examine what has proven for critics to be a variously
interpretable relationship between subject and object in Williams' early thinking, I read
Spring and All here through an interconnected chain of conceptual frameworks. More.
specifically, in hopes of remapping Spring and All's fragmented notion of authorial
SUbjectivity against a more diverse history of ideas, these four chapters bring the longestablished
influences of visual arts and Romanticism on Williams into juxtaposition with the
less biographically or historically derived contexts of structuralist linguistics and Lacanian
psychoanalytic theory. By drawing on correspondences among these contexts.this thesis
finally argues for a notion of radically 'linguistic' SUbjectivity underlying Williams' early
poetics, which may be productively compared to earlier philosophies of a mutually
constitutive dialectic between external objects and a persistent centrality of the self, as well as
later 20th-century revisions which emphasize the formalistic and linguistic nature of this
relationship.
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