The thesis has looked at the evolution of New & Renewable Energy Technology Program (NRETP) in Korea. It has analysed various factors shaping the program. In particular, the reasons, the interactions and the contributions of the participation of the environmental NOOs in the governance structure of the program are critically examined. The coalition between the industry and the government invited the environmental NOOs to join the coalition. The objective of new & renewable energy industry development has created the resource-based coalition upon which the value-based coalition was built. The government has dramatically increased its expenditure on the development of new & renewable energy technology which corresponded by the industry with similar amount of investment. The participation of the environmental NOOs in the governance structure of NRETP, however, would not have been possible without the adoption of the governance approach by the government. T he authoritarian developmental state has been changing to meet the demand from the civil society. The changes in the governance structure opened the window of opportunity which enabled the NOOs to take part and put their visions and ideas into the NRETP. In relation to the production of technology variety, however, the contribution of the NOOs has been minimal. They did not seem to have a clear visions or strategy regarding the production of technology variety. In addition, the objective and strategy of technology development has already been largely set before the NOOs' participation. Furthermore, the members from the academic community strongly supported the technology development strategy which was largely based on the strategy of large firms. The contest of cognitive frameworks of the participants was not serious. The participation . has reached the normative mode and instrumental mode realizing democratic rationale, yet leaving the substantive mode and large portion of technocratic rationale unattained. With regards to the technology diffusion, the participation of NOOs has made a difference. The contest of cognitive framework was serious. Their visions and ideas coming from other ways of knowing the world in addition to scientific and technological knowledge has been put forward and integrated into the output of the NRETP in the form of small scale electric power generators, the user variety. The on-site generation and frugal use of energy, their lifestyle choice, has become tangible making impacts on the existing social order: the centralised energy generation and distribution at the· system level and the high intensity of material & energy use of modern life at individual behavioural level. Although one environmental NOO stopped participating, the participation has reached the substantive mode realizing the technocratic rationale, coproducing the technology and new social order.