This thesis is divided into weapons and armour categories. Each section deals with weapons in the following way. It looks at the materials used in the manufacturing of weapons evidently used by soldiers in artistic representations. In this way, where possible, I have attempted to trace their provenance through excavation reports. Secondly, where appropriate, there is an examination of religious or social elements regarding military images. Here, I have established a description and directory of all artistic representations of armed soldiers, and have included a comparative study of material remains. The thesis is divided into the following sections. Metallic, leather and linen body armour, shields, breastplates and helmets. Short-range, or shock weapons, that include swords, axes, mace, and staves. Projectiles, or mid to long-range weapons, such as the bow, arrows, spears, javelins and throwsticks. An additional section involves the use of the bow-box and quiver. The second volume includes photographic evidence, namely, representations I have examined among museum collections, which include temple reliefs and other military artefacts. The sections are arranged to provide a clear and cohesive system of reference. Each is clearly restricted to a particular weapon or armour category, however, the author highlights the points at which cross references become necessary.