This research investigates female participation in the ICT industry in a developing country context. Analysis examines the experiences of women working and studying in the ICT professions, the policies and initiatives in place to involve women in the professions, and the views of stakeholders. The work is multidisciplinary drawing on the following areas: Development Studies, Gender Studies, Computer Science Education. The case study investigated in detail is Sri Lanka in South Asia. This is considered a "developing nation" with an ICT industry but which for various reasons has not yet fully developed. However Sri Lanka has indicated at state level the intention to develop the ICT industry further as an integral part of its development plans. The case is analysed using a New Institutional and a Feminist lens, based on a Critical Realist view of the world. Women's agency as ICT professionals is examined within their wider social and cultural context, and perceived barriers plus supporting mechanisms uncovered. The aim is to improve our understanding of the forces affecting women's agency and career choices in ICTs and to make recommendation for how to support them further. Whilst the main focus here is the case of Sri Lanka, the findings are related to the literature from other contexts to attempt to identify any shared experience and practice and potential strategies for change.