The aim of this research was to uncover the whole process of adapting to life with HIV. The research set out to consider the physical, psychological and social process of adapting to HIV and explore if stages of adaptation could be identified, presenting an up to date perspective of the HIV experience in light of new treatments and virus resistance. Glaser’s grounded theory method was chosen to gain a perspective on the whole process of adaptation and to develop a model reflecting this, useful to nurses and other professionals. The research was guided by the philosophical assumptions of Roy’s Adaptation Model. A second component of this research involved testing Roy’s Model of Adaptation by comparing it to the research results. The resultant grounded theory unveiled the process of adapting to life with HIV as a process of adapting to uncertainty. ‘Negotiating uncertainty’ emerged as the core concept. This was demonstrated by seven subcategories representing movements between anticipating hopelessness and regaining optimism. The results affirm many propositions of Roy’s Model whilst bringing new findings to the theoretical arena and highlighting areas for further clarification. The study concludes with recommendations for future theoretical and conceptual development to both the emergent grounded theory and Roy’s Adaptation Model.