Literature Review: The literature review presents an overview of non-attendance at colorectal cancer screening appointments and evaluates intervention strategies developed for increasing attendance. Although the review suggests that interventions increase attendance rates above baseline rates in services, there still remains a significant problem with non-attendance. Limitations of the studies and directions for future research are discussed. Research report: The study aimed to increase attendance at forthcoming Hepatitis C screening appointments within a substance misuse service. A two-fold intervention (an information leaflet and an implementation intention intervention), was developed and Theory of Planned Behaviour variables were explored. Participants (N = 161) were randomly allocated to one of four groups which received, prior to their appointment: (1) TAU, (2) a Theory of Planned Behaviour questionnaire, (3) an information sheet or (4) a combined intervention of the information sheet and implementation intention induction. Attendance at appointments was monitored; no significant differences in attendance rates were found between groups. Education and employment status were found to be significantly related to attendance. Addressing barriers to attendance through an information leaflet and an implementation intention intervention were not successful in increasing attendance rates in this 'hard to reach' population. Future directions for research in this area are suggested.