The extracellular matrix (ECM) is constantly remodelled in healthy tissues; this is essential in normal physiological processes such as wound healing. Remodelling is regulated by the balanced activities of proteases and their inhibitors. An imbalance in activity can result in pathology such as fibrosis and cancer. The proteases mainly responsible for breakdown of the ECM are the matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs). They are important for normal maintenance of the 3M, but also have roles in pathophysiology. The tissue inhibitors of matrix metalloproteinases (TIMPs) are the main specific inhibitors of MM? activity. There are 4 identified human TIMPs, TIMP 1-4. Interestingly, TIMPs have roles that are independent of MMP inhibition, such as promoting cell proliferation and migration. Increased levels of TIMPs have been found in several types of cancers, including gastric cancer.