A Synthetic Traffic SIMulation (ST-SIM) framework is constructed in this project. The framework provides a computer-based platform for traffic research, consisting of three modules: Driver Behaviour, Vehicle Dynamics, and Road Network modelling. Based on these models, ST-SIM can construct and simulate a broad range of traffic scenarios, including accidents. The research in this project has concentrated on the contribution of driver behaviour to the formation of normal traffic and traffic failure. ST-SIM has been designed and implemented using Agent-based modelling techniques. The software has been validated using simulator-based driver collision avoidance behaviour from TRL and applied to help the accident reconstruction work of On-The-Spot (OTS) team in the UK.