Terrorism associated with Chechen people has become commonly known to the world after the dramatic events in the Moscow Dubrovka theatre in 2002 and the school in Beslan, Northern Osetiya in 2004. These events clearly demonstrated to the world the tensions of the long-lasting Russian-Chechen conflict. However, these events were a logical result of the ennergence and evolution or the terrorist networks in Chechnya. The questions that are addressed here are: What are terrorist networks? How they emerge and operate in the context of contemporary Russian Chechen conflict? What were the ideologies which underpinned the Chechen resistance? What concepts and approaches can best explain the emergence and development of the terrorist organisations?