The principal aim of this thesis is to investigate theoretical and methodological issues in the study of epistemic cognition and to explore the use of technology as a research tool. A theoretical analysis examined existing conceptualisations and methodological approaches. This formed the basis of an empirical investigation, in the domain of Psychology, to explore theoretical assumptions. A qualitative in-depth methodology was adopted, using interviews structured around a formally assessed essay. Two empirical studies were conducted. The first led to the development of a representational software tool, which was used in the second study as part of a methodology to explore students' epistemic cognition.