Title:
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Personal Construction and Reconstruction of Meaning in a Changing Occupational World: An Exploratory Study of Mental Health Nursing Students from a Personal Construct Psychology Perspective
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This study examines the construction and reconstruction of meanings that student
mental health nurses attach to their socialisation and occupational experiences during
their professional education. In so doing, it adopts a Personal Construct Psychology
(PCP) approach to underpin its theory and methodology. This approach was chosen to
explore the personal meanings which may be attached to events in one's world, and in
so doing affords the collection ofquantitative and qualitative data. This study
therefore utilises a multi-paradigm, mixed method approach to explore the
construction and reconstruction ofmeanings that 20 student mental health nurses
attach to themselves and their experiences during the first 2 years of the mental health
nursing programme.
In this study, 2 types ofinterviews were employed; a semi-structured interview
affording content analyses to explore the meanings people use to interpret their
contexts, experiences and situations; and a structured interview based around the
elicitation ofconstructs, subsequently captured by RepGrids, which seek to explore
the micro-processes ofpersonal meanings. The study is therefore concerned with the
normative and nomothetic (as indicated by areas of commonality amongst
participants), and the phenomenological and idiographic (as reported by individuals
regarding their personal subjective experiences).
The findings illustrate that there are some areas of commonality amongst participants
in this study, suggesting that at each time sampling periods there were a number of
themes and issues which were resonating with participants. In broad terms
participants described moving from feeling uncertain, through to increasing awareness and understanding ofthemselves and others, and, ultimately, feeling more
accomplished in relation to their occupational world. Most participants felt changed in
terms of their occupational competency with some people feeling that they had
changed as a person, and that their views of themselves, and in some cases their views
oflife, had altered. Additionally, while there were individual differences in
perceptions of social relationships over time, there was a tendency to describe an
initial uncertainty and inadequacy in helping relationships that gave way, over time, to
feeling an increasing part ofa team and an ability to initiate helping relationships.
The overall findings suggest that personal change tends to reflect individual paths of
development rather than a common socialisation effect. Moreover, people's
constructions ofmeaning seem to be a dynamic process, influenced by the
significance that an individual attaches to their experiences. That is, while participants
were exposed to comparatively similar events in terms of theoretical and
clinical/practical components ofthe programme, the meanings that they attributed to
their experiences are seemingly varied. Such personal and individual differences are
illustrated by the presentation ofthree case studies.
The limitations ofthe study and the implications of the findings are explored. Overall,
it is concluded that to meet the challenges ofmodem complex mental health care,
there is a need to be able to respond to clinical uncertainty and ambiguity and how
one might manage stress and personal anxiety surrounding uncertainty; to develop
'wisdom'; to consider how one might develop an understanding self and others; and
the overall benefits ofa plurality of approaches to mental health nursing care. A
discussion regarding the possible benefits ofpersonal constructivism for nurse
education is undertaken along with suggestions as to how student mental health nurses
may be supported to elaborate their constructions systems so as to be able to better
predict, anticipate and make sense oftheir occupational world and respond
meaningfully to the needs and wishes of their client group.
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