Title:
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Temporal and spatial variability of halogenated compounds and other trace gases
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Air samples. from four aircraft campaigns and two surface experiments covering a large
geographical area over both hemispheres have been analysed using the technique of gas
chromatography mass spectroscopy (GCMS). Around 40 trace gases have been detected
and where possible quantified, including most of the CFC's, HCFC's, and halon's, HFC-134a,
HFC-152a, HFC-365mfc, CCI4, CH3CCb, CH3Br, CH3CI, and a number of short lived
halogenated compounds including CH31, CHBr3, CH2BrCI, and n-C3H7Br. From the data
obtained it has been possible to investigate the spatial and temporal variability of
halogenated compounds, including variations with altitude, longitude, and interhemispheric
ratios.
Significant quantities of the short lived bromocarbons (CHBr3, CH2Br2, CH2BrCI, CHBr2CI,
CHBrCI2, n-C3H7Br) and methyl iodide (CH31) have been observed in air samples collected
within the upper troposphere lower stratosphere (UTLS) region of the atmosphere, implying
that the contribution of these compounds to stratospheric ozone loss is potentially significant.
Evidence has also been found which suggests that sub-tropical regions of the Pacific Ocean
and' coastal waters around the Phillipines are particularly productive source regions for all of
these compounds. In addition using data from a plant enclosure study the potential for
terrestrial ecosystems to both emit and take up a number of halogenated compounds has
been identified. Although the significance of these results remains unclear.
The atmospheric mixing ratios of all four CFCs measured in this study are decreasing due to
the reduction in global emissions of these compounds as a result of their regulation under the
Montreal Protocol. A significant decrease in the mixing ratios of carbon tetrachloride (CCI4)
and methyl chloroform (CH3CCb) has also been observed in the 2000 - 2006 CARIBIC data.
In contrast there is evidence to suggest that halon's 1211 and 2402 are still slowly increasing
in the atmosphere. For all the HCFC's and HFC's measured in this study (HCFC-21, HCFC22,
HCFC-141b, HCFC-142b, HCFC-124, HCFC-123, HFC-134a, HFC-152a, and HFC365mfc),
clear inter hemispheric gradients were observed with higher mixing ratios in the NH,
consistent with a predominantly NH anthropogenic source for these compounds. However
there is evidence to suggest that emissions from Asia are becoming increasingly important for a number of these compounds. In addition evidence was found which suggests a
continuing source for CFC-11, CFC-12, CFC-113 and CFC-114.
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