The thesis represents a contribution to the debate on the regulation of inter-state fiscal competition. The study coincides with the mounting scepticism expressed towards the regulatory frameworks devised and implemented by the EU and OECD. This thesis offers a new and comprehensive approach to the regulatory dilemma. It looks at tax competition from a legal perspective and aspires at laying down the foundations of a balanced regulatory framework by sharing the burden of regulation amongst all parties involved in the process of fiscal competition. It also investigates the validity of the traditional arguments in the light of recent developments. Moreover, it tackles the one issue that is common to any regulatory framework, that is, the identification of tax incentives. The thesis contends that unless a common understanding is reached on what is meant by tax incentives, one may not seriously contemplate the regulation of inter-state fiscal competition.