Title:
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The role of fruit-based drinks in the diet of patients with type 2 diabetes
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Diet is the cornerstone oftreatment in type 2 diabetes mellitus. The first study in this
thesis assessed the compliance of subjects with type 2 diabetes being managed as
out-patients in secondary care. Subjects (n=50) were recruited from the Derby ~oyal
Infirmary and asked to complete a 6-day food diary as well as a physical activity
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questionnaire. Patient notes were then assessed and relevant biochemical and
anthropometric data recorded. Results from the study demonstrated a lack of
compliance in many areas despite dietetic advice. In particular saturated fat intake
exceeded recommendations whilst cis-monounsaturated fat + total carbohydrate,
non-starch polysaccharide, fruit and vegetable «3 portions) and selenium intakes
were all insufficient and did not meet the guidelines.
Oxidative stress and antioxidant depletion are involved in type 2 diabetes. Fruit and
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vegetables are important sources of antioxidants and polyphenols yet subjects failed
to comply with the recommended five portions per day. The National Diet and
Nutrition Survey also determined that fruit and vegetable intake was lower for the
general population than current recommendations. Therefore, a follow on study
determined the nutritional composition of five brands of fruit-based drinks
commonly termed, 'Smoothies' as a more convenient and palatable way of assisting
the recommended 5-a-day guidelines for fruit and vegetable intake. Results
demonstrated that the drinks varied greatly in their nutritional composition both
within (P
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