Title:
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Diel patterns of behaviour in the western flower thrips
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Frankliniella occidentalis (pergande) is a serious pest of protected crops within the UK
because it damages crops and is a vector of tospoviruses. It is resistant to a wide range
of insecticides and exhibits thigmokinetic behaviour, making contact between pest and
treatment difficult. Applying control procedures to correspond with the diel behaviour
patterns of F. occidentalis could enhance control ofthrips. Studies of glasshouse crops
showed that the abundance of adults on leaves and flowers increased in ~he afternoon
compared to the morning. This could not be accounted for by movements within or
between plants, but could be from sites off the plant. This hypothesis deserves further
investigation. Infrared videography in the glasshouse generally showed little difference
In abundance on plant parts between scotophase and photoppase. In addition,
observations made at the time suggested that there was little difference in locomotory
activity between the light phases. Contrastingly, laboratory locomotory activity patterns
showed an increase in the early morning and late afternoon. A light burst during the
scotophase, devised in the lliboratory to enhance locomotory activity, had little effect on
thrips in a cucumber glasshouse. These two findings cast doubt on the applicability of
laboratory studies to the glasshouse. Flight could be predicted well using ambient light
and temperature and showed a clear diel pattern. There was a diel pattern of larval
dropping to the ground to pupate, with the majority of larvae falling between late
afternoon and midnight. Further sampling within a ,?ucumber glasshouse showed that
on any particular day most larvae dropped within a two-hour window. Flight activity,
and larvae falling from the crop showed clear' diel patterns. Locomotory activity on the
crop djd not show a clear diel pattern. Interpretation and use of these findings would
depend upon the type of control procedure applied to a crop.
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