Title:
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Self-disclosure : some central and peripheral issues.
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The present study was concerned with the e~erimental
investigation of some central and peripheral
issues in self-disclosure research.
OENTRAL ISSUES
1. Reciprocity - The use of "reciprocity" in selfdisclosure
is too global. Four types of reciprocity
were suggested. The results of experiment 1 showed:
a) negative reciprocity seems to occur at the high
disclosure level and b) either positive or balanced
reciprocity occurs at the low level. A "regression
to the mean" explanation of the results cannot be
ruled out.
2. Cue hypothesis - A series of interview-type
experiments, designed to test a cue hypothesis
of self-disclosure was conducted by varying the
explicitness of the demand characteristics
inherent in the situation. It was found that
only when Ss were given a behavioural expectancy
and examples of both the expected and non-expected
behaviours that their disclosures were influenced
by the demand characteristics. This supported the
cue hypothesis.
3. Modelling - The importance of modelling as a
determinant of disclosure level has been underestimated.
Results of experiment 1 showed that
modelling does indeed play a significant part in
determining depth of subject disclosure at the
high level of confederate disclosure.
4. Interpersonal distance and self-disclosure -
Interpersonal distance between S and the confederate/
experimenter was varied. While Argyle and Dean's
approach-avoidance model is not applicable in
disclosure-type experiments, Jourard' s approach-approach
model does explain most of the experimental
findings.
5. Sex differences - The results of the experiments
suggest that the question: "Do females disclose more
than males? is too simplistic. Situational
variables appear to be the most important
determinants of the sex differences that do occur.
PERIPHERAL ISSUES
Three such issues were considered:
1) Ss' evaluations of confederate disclosure
2) Ss' reactions to experimental disclosure situations
3) Ss' awareness of their own disclosing behaviour.
Their importance in determining disclosure level
in an experimental situation was questioned.
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