Title:
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A believing people in a changing world : Quakers in society in north-east Norfolk, 1690-1800
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A few of the eighteenth-century Quakers who lived in the area of north-east Norfolk that
is the focus of this study were well-known within their locality and among Quakers
nationally; others were probably known only within their own regional meeting for
church affairs and their own small towns or villages. Leaving few printed records of their
experiences, they appear fleetingly or not at all in works of synthesis on the history of
Quakerism. This thesis argues that it is important to attempt to restore at least some of
these men and women to their places in their meeting houses and parishes in order to
provide a wider base from which to make assessments about the nature of eighteenthcentury
Quakerism. It uncovers new evidence about generational change. It uses a local
study to investigate the ways in which, within their local and national circumstances, and
within and beyond their own religious group, these men and women negotiated the
balance between sustaining and witnessing to their beliefs, and incorporating new
circumstances and interests into their lives. Deliberately set outside the main urban centre
in order to avoid over-concentration on well-known Friends, the study covers a period that
is still under-researched, and examines a wide range of sources, some previously
unavailable. A case study analyses how a retired Quaker sailor and a Quaker shopkeeper
who exhibited curiosities negotiated their Quaker values with the interests of polite
society. The thesis opens up consideration of the written and spoken word as means of
transmission within middle-ranking societies, and initiates an analysis of under-used
material relating to late eighteenth-century witness stories and providentialism that
crossed denominational boundaries.
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