In this thesis a theory of cultural justice is developed from Hayekian premises. Importantly, and despite the virtual disappearance of the centralised economic institutions that Hayek was always keen to reject, it claims that it is possible to reconnect his thought to contemporary political theory and to both critically and normatively contribute to debates about multicultural justice. For what is most interesting about Hayek today are not the reasons why he defended liberalism but rather the conceptual tools that he deployed in doing so. It is these conceptual tools that can e shown to have a relevance to contemporary concerns with cultural diversity that is methodologically, critically and normatively both clear and compelling. Part One of this thesis discusses Hayek's place in contemporary political theory. In Chapter One it is claimed that an interpretative reading of Hayek's social theory and of the conception of the self that underlies it not only clarifies his well-known economic arguments, but also enables us to appeal to his thought with respect to culture. Chapter Two builds upon this to address Hayek's normative argument for individual cultural liberty. Part Two is concerned to examine, from this Hayekian, the response to diversity of a range of theorists. In Chapter Three, the response of the difference democrats who endorse a group-differentiated account of deliberative democratic decision-making is assessed and, in Chapter Four, that of liberal egalitarian theory that both attempts and in a significant sense rejects the reconciliation of cultural difference with the institutions of the welfare state. Finally, Part Three is concerned with the account of cultural justice emergent from these discussions. Thus Chapter Five concerns itself with the articulation of the Discursive Minimal State and, in Chapter Six, with its defence against some important objections.